ESCHERICHIA COLI ENTEROHEMORAGIC – AN EMERGED PATHOGEN OF HUMAN INFECTIONS Part II. Non-O157 Escherichia coli enterohemorrhagic
نویسنده
چکیده
The incidence of the non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) nonO157:H7 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infections increased in the last years. Many serotypes of this toxigenic E.coli group were isolated from hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis (HC) cases. The STEC strains possess many virulence factors codified by plasmids. Among the over 200 non-O157 STEC serotypes, more than 100 serotypes have been associated with HC or HUS in humans. The serogroups O26, O103, O111 and O145 are most commonly isolated from humans and are clearly recognized as human pathogens. STEC can be found in the fecal flora of a variety of animals. Domestic cattle and other ruminants constitute a natural reservoir for STEC. Usually STEC are transmitted to humans by food, water and from person to person. Foods, particularly foods of animal origin, the beef meat, represent a major vehicle of transmission of non-O157 STEC. The detection of the STEC is possible by many systems: Stx-specific PCR, Vero cell toxicity test, Enterohemolysin-agar, Stx-EIA on direct stool, Stx-EIA on stool culture grown overnight in TSB. Serological diagnosis is also possible. Antibodies to Stx or LPS have been proposed as markers of recent infection. Key-words: non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), infection, serotype, source, laboratory diagnosis, EHEC Rezumat. În ultimii ani, în întreaga lume, a crescut semnificativ numărul îmbolnăvirilor cauzate de EHEC/STEC. Multe serotipuri aparţinând acestui grup de colibacili au fost izolate de la pacienţi cu sindrom hemolitic uremic (HUS) şi colită hemoragică (HC). Tulpinile STEC posedă diverşi factorii de virulenţă codificaţi de gene cu localizare plasmidică. Din cele peste 200 serotipuri STEC cunoscute, peste 100 sunt asociate cu HUS şi HC. Mai frecvent izolate din infecţii umane sunt serotipurile O26, O103, O111 şi O145, unanim recunoscute ca patogeni pentru om. Tulpini STEC sunt prezente în flora fecală la diverse specii de animale. Bovinele şi alte rumegătoare reprezintă rezervorul natural pentru STEC. Transmiterea la om se face pe calea alimentului, a apei şi prin contact direct interuman. Alimentele, în special cele de origine animală, şi mai ales carnea de vită, sunt recunoscute ca o cale importantă de contaminare cu non-O157 STEC. Diagnosticul de laborator al infecţiei cu STEC se poate face prin investigaţii bacteriologice şi serologice. Sunt puse la punct diverse sisteme de evidenţiere a bacteriei: testul de toxicitate pe culturi celulare Vero, amplificarea genică (PCR) pentru detectarea genelor Stx1 şi Stx2, teste imunenzimatice de decelare a toxinelor, evidenţierea enterohemolizinelor pe medii speciale. În diagnosticul serologic au fost propuşi ca markeri ai infecţiei anticorpi faţă de Stx şi LPS. Cuvinte cheie: Escherichia coli producătoare de toxine Shiga non-O157:H7 (STEC), infecţie, serotip, rezervor de bacterie, diagnostic de laborator
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تاریخ انتشار 2008